64 research outputs found
An Efficient Spectral Leakage Filtering for IEEE 802.11af in TV White Space
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely adopted for
modern wireless standards and become a key enabling technology for cognitive
radios. However, one of its main drawbacks is significant spectral leakage due
to the accumulation of multiple sinc-shaped subcarriers. In this paper, we
present a novel pulse shaping scheme for efficient spectral leakage suppression
in OFDM based physical layer of IEEE 802.11af standard. With conventional pulse
shaping filters such as a raised-cosine filter, vestigial symmetry can be used
to reduce spectral leakage very effectively. However, these pulse shaping
filters require long guard interval, i.e., cyclic prefix in an OFDM system, to
avoid inter-symbol interference (ISI), resulting in a loss of spectral
efficiency. The proposed pulse shaping method based on asymmetric pulse shaping
achieves better spectral leakage suppression and decreases ISI caused by
filtering as compared to conventional pulse shaping filters
CIDPro: Custom Instructions for Dynamic Program Diversification
Timing side-channel attacks pose a major threat to embedded systems due to
their ease of accessibility. We propose CIDPro, a framework that relies on
dynamic program diversification to mitigate timing side-channel leakage. The
proposed framework integrates the widely used LLVM compiler infrastructure and
the increasingly popular RISC-V FPGA soft-processor. The compiler automatically
generates custom instructions in the security critical segments of the program,
and the instructions execute on the RISC-V custom co-processor to produce
diversified timing characteristics on each execution instance. CIDPro has been
implemented on the Zynq7000 XC7Z020 FPGA device to study the performance
overhead and security tradeoffs. Experimental results show that our solution
can achieve 80% and 86% timing side-channel capacity reduction for two
benchmarks with an acceptable performance overhead compared to existing
solutions. In addition, the proposed method incurs only a negligible hardware
area overhead of 1% slices of the entire RISC-V system
A Hardware-Efficient Synchronization in L-DACS1 for Aeronautical Communications
L-band digital aeronautical communication system type-1 (L-DACS1) is an
emerging standard that aims at enhancing air traffic management by
transitioning the traditional analog aeronautical communication systems to the
superior and highly efficient digital domain. L-DACS1 employs modern and
efficient orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation
technique to achieve more efficient and higher data rate in comparison to the
existing aeronautical communication systems. However, the performance of OFDM
systems is very sensitive to synchronization errors such as symbol timing
offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO). STO and CFO estimations are
extremely important for maintaining orthogonality among the subcarriers for the
retrieval of information. This paper proposes a novel efficient hardware
synchronizer for L-DACS1 systems that offers robust performance at low power
and low hardware resource usage. Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed
synchronization algorithm provides accurate STO estimation as well as
fractional CFO estimation. Implementation of the proposed synchronizer on a
widely used field-programmable gate array (FPGA) (Xilinx xc7z020clg484-1)
results in a very low hardware usage which consumed 6.5%, 3.7%, and 6.4% of the
total number of lookup tables, flip-flops, and digital signal processing
blocks, respectively. The dynamic power of the proposed synchronizer is below 1
mW.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1801.0590
XDIVINSA: eXtended DIVersifying INStruction Agent to Mitigate Power Side-Channel Leakage
Side-channel analysis (SCA) attacks pose a major threat to embedded systems due to their ease of accessibility. Realising SCA resilient cryptographic algorithms on embedded systems under tight intrinsic constraints, such as low area cost, limited computational ability, etc., is extremely challenging and often not possible. We propose a seamless and effective approach to realise a generic countermeasure against SCA attacks. XDIVINSA, an extended diversifying instruction agent, is introduced to realise the countermeasure at the microarchitecture level based on the combining concept of diversified instruction set extension (ISE) and hardware diversification. XDIVINSA is developed as a lightweight co-processor that is tightly coupled with a RISC-V processor. The proposed method can be applied to various algorithms without the need for software developers to undertake substantial design efforts hardening their implementations against SCA. XDIVINSA has been implemented on the SASEBO G-III board which hosts a Kintex-7 XC7K160T FPGA device for SCA mitigation evaluation. Experimental results based on non-specific t-statistic tests show that our solution can achieve leakage mitigation on the power side channel of different cryptographic kernels, i.e., Speck, ChaCha20, AES, and RSA with an acceptable performance overhead compared to existing countermeasures.This work has been supported in part by EPSRC via grant EP/R012288/1, under the RISE (http://www.ukrise.org) programme.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Efficient Integer Frequency Offset Estimation Architecture for Enhanced OFDM Synchronization
An integer frequency offset (IFO), in orthogonal
frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, causes a circular
shift of the sub-carrier indices in the frequency domain.IFO
can be mitigated through strict RF front-end design but this
is challenging and expensive. Therefore, IFO is estimated and
removed at baseband, allowing the RF front-end specification
to be relaxed, thus reducing system cost. For applications
susceptible to Doppler shift, and multi-standard radios requiring
wide frequency range access, careful RF design may be
insufficient without IFO estimation. This paper proposes a novel
approach for IFO estimation with reduced power consumption
and computational cost. A four-fold resource sharing architecture
reduces computational cost, while a multiplierless technique and
carefully optimised wordlengths yield further power reduction
while maintaining a good accuracy. The novel method is shown
to achieve excellent performance, similar to the theoretically
achievable bound. In fact, performance is significantly better
than conventional techniques, while being much more efficient.
When implemented for IEEE 802.16-2009, the proposed method
saves 78% power over the conventional technique on low-power
FPGA devices. The method is applicable to IEEE 802.11 and
IEEE 802.22
Risk Management at Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank in Vietnam
This research is conducted for examining the framework for risk management in the Basel II accord, the Basel II risk management model at the Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank. Data were collected from annual reports for the period from 2015 to 2017 of the Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank. The results show that the implementation of risk management under Basel II at Military Bank still faces many difficulties in the pressure of capital increase, database system, human resource quality, and cost of implementation. The study suggest some solutions for Military Bank to implement successfully Basel II, emphasizing the role of human resource quality, modernizing the data system and the specific mechanism for raising capital. The results of this research is a reference for Vietnamese commercial banks in identifying, controlling and responding various risks in banking activities in the context of Vietnam. Keywords: Basel II, Risk management, Military Bank DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/10-12-06 Publication date:June 30th 201
Challenges in Employing BASEL II at Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank
This paper is conducted for examining the framework for risk management in the Basel II accord, the Basel II risk management model at the Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank. Data were collected from annual reports for the period from 2015 to 2017 of the Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank. The results show that the implementation of risk management under Basel II at Military Bank still faces many difficulties in the pressure of capital increase, database system, human resource quality, and cost of implementation. The study suggests some solutions for Military Bank to implement successfully Basel II, emphasizing the role of human resource quality, modernizing the data system and the specific mechanism for raising capital. The results of this research is a reference for Vietnamese commercial banks in identifying, controlling and responding various risks in banking activities in the context of Vietnam in particular and in emerging countries in general. Keywords: Basel II, Risk management, Military Ban
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